Data were collected on venous malformation location, developmental venous anomaly location, developmental venous anomaly drainage pattern, and metameric location of venous malformations and developmental venous anoma- tests. All images were interpreted by 2 neuroradiologists. Developmental venous anomaly prevalence in this patient population was compared with an age- and sex-matched control group without venous malformations at a ratio of 1:2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of patients with head and neck venous malformations who underwent MR imaging of the brain with postcontrast T1- or T2*-weighted imaging were included. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between cerebral developmental venous anomalies and venous malformations of the face, head, and neck. Agid ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A number of studies have demonstrated the existence of segmental vascular disorders affecting soft tissues of the head and neck along with the intracranial vasculature. ORIGINAL RESEARCH HEAD & NECK Facial Venous Malformations Are Associated with Cerebral Developmental Venous Anomalies X W. The other TFCA did not provide an exact diagnosis of the DVA because of coexistent arteriovenous malformation and concomitant large number of venous structures.Facial Venous Malformations Are Associated with Cerebral Developmental Venous Anomalies Facial Venous Malformations Are Associated with Cerebral Developmental Venous Anomaliesīrinjikji, W. However, we did not identify underdevelopment of the normal venous drainage pattern adjacent to DVA. In our study, we found a good illustration of a DVA in one out of two TFCAs. Surgical excision of DVA has led to disastrous postoperative complications resulting from venous infarction and cerebral edema, because the brain was deprived of functionally normal venous drainage conduit. 7) It is hypothesized that this results from a focal arrest of venous development and retention of primitive medullary veins that drain into a single, large draining vein. 6) In most cases with DVA, angiographic studies illustrate the underdevelopment of the normal venous drainage pattern adjacent to a DVA. The classical angiographic appearance of caput medusae for transmedullary veins is visualized during the early-to-middle venous phase, draining into a large venous collector, which can extend either to the superficial or deep venous system depending on the type of DVA. 2) In our study, MRI with enhancement on follow-up in four cases demonstrated no changes in DVAs. An angiographic appearance of a DVA architecture that is stable over long periods is the rule. 10) However, in our study, T1- and T2-weighted images revealed only the collector vein in some cases. A stellate configuration around an emanating transcortical vein is a typical image of DVA. Contrast-enhanced MRI was the sequence of choice for depiction of DVAs. We identified the detailed characteristics of DVAs using enhanced MRI. In our study, all 32 DVAs were diagnosed using enhanced MRI without the assistance of other imaging techniques. 1) This appearance has been referred to as caput medusae (or the head of Medusa). 6) On contrast-enhanced MRI, the cluster of veins in DVAs has a spoke-wheel appearance the veins are small at the periphery and gradually enlarge as they approach a central draining vein. After the administration of gadolinium, significant enhancement of the medullary veins and venous collector is observed because of the slow flow. Similarly to CMs, low flow and low resistance almost always typify DVA hemodynamics. The collector vein is detected as a linear or small, round, signal-void structure on all sequences and is shown most clearly on T2-weighted imaging. 4) T1-weighted studies may yield normal results in the presence of small DVAs. Noncontrast T1- and T2-weighted MRI may demonstrate flow voids and phase-shift artifacts produced by the collecting vein of a DVA. On MRI, DVAs typically have a transhemispheric flow void, on both T1- and T2-weighted images.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |